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PRBS generator with rsds tx

I

Iterativeend

Jan 1, 1970
0
Is it possible to have an internal 23 bit PRBS generator for a rsds
transmitter using a 7 phase PLL without a high speed clock and still
maintain 2^23-1 unique bits?
 
Is it possible to have an internal 23 bit PRBS generator for a rsds
transmitter using a 7 phase PLL without a high speed clock and still
maintain 2^23-1 unique bits?

A psuedo-random binary sequence is just a string of binary numbers -
8,388,607 for the 23-it case.

How you generate it is irrelevant. You could read it out of memory if
necessary, though this uses up a lot more silicon than a 23-bit shift
register and an exclusive-OR gate.

Win Hill's "The Art of Electronics" includes a useful discussion of
the subject starting at section 9.32.
 
R

Rich Grise

Jan 1, 1970
0
A psuedo-random binary sequence is just a string of binary numbers -
8,388,607 for the 23-it case.

How you generate it is irrelevant. You could read it out of memory if
necessary, though this uses up a lot more silicon than a 23-bit shift
register and an exclusive-OR gate.

Win Hill's "The Art of Electronics" includes a useful discussion of
the subject starting at section 9.32.

Is there an algorithm for figuring out which bits to XOR to get the
maximum length sequence for a given size of SR, or is it just
by-guess-and-by-gosh?

Thanks,
Rich
 
Is there an algorithm for figuring out which bits to XOR to get the
maximum length sequence for a given size of SR, or is it just
by-guess-and-by-gosh?


According to "The Art of Electronics" the criterion for maximal length
is that the polynomial

1 + x^n + x^m

must be polynomial and prime over the Galois field, where m is the
length of the shift register in bits, and n is the tap number.

I tried to make sense of a similar assertion when looking at error-
detecting and error-correcting codes back in 1970, and didn't get
anywhere at all. Mathematicians who study the algebra of finite fields
seem to do better.
 
T

Tom Bruhns

Jan 1, 1970
0
According to "The Art of Electronics" the criterion for maximal length
is that the polynomial

1 + x^n + x^m

must be polynomial and prime over the Galois field, where m is the
length of the shift register in bits, and n is the tap number.

I tried to make sense of a similar assertion when looking at error-
detecting and error-correcting codes back in 1970, and didn't get
anywhere at all. Mathematicians who study the algebra of finite fields
seem to do better.


So the algorithm is to try a set of feedback bits and see if it meets
the requirement. There IS a maximal length sequence for all shift
register lengths; in fact, there are huge numbers of them for long
shift registers. It's relatively quite easy to determine the number
of maximal length polynomials of a given order. Finding them for long
registers--high orders--is not necessarily easy (or fast). However,
once you've found one, you can generate lots of others easily. For
some cases, there are not any feedback schemes using only two values
xored together; for some you need to modulo-2 sum four bits, minimum.
(It's relatively easy to show that you always need an even number of
bits fed back, and it should be obvious that you always must include
the last bit.) You can find lists of feedback that works--of maximal
length polynomials. The ap notes on the Xilinx web site has one such
list, up to some pretty long sequences. Finding a maximal length
polynomial for some arbitrary but high order (hundreds or even
thousands) would be a good task for the idle time of processors
distributed around the world, connected by the internet. That's been
used to find some related numbers...numbers such that 2^n-1 is prime.
How those are related to maximal length shift registers is left for
another day...

Cheers,
Tom
 
T

Tom Bruhns

Jan 1, 1970
0
Xilinx app note XAPP 052 lists the taps up to 168 bits, but maybe a
Galois LFSR might be better for hardware inplementation if speed is an
issue.

Best regards,
Spehro Pefhany


Ok, Spehro, exactly what is the difference between the polynomials
listed in the app note and "a Galois LFSR"? How might the latter be
faster?

AFAIK, I can make a shift register whose natural response is
represented by any boolean polynomial you wish, within the limits of
being able to clock all the bits simultaneously, and the speed is
reduced only by increased capacitive loading on the output register.

Cheers,
Tom
 
S

Spehro Pefhany

Jan 1, 1970
0
According to "The Art of Electronics" the criterion for maximal length
is that the polynomial

1 + x^n + x^m

must be polynomial and prime over the Galois field, where m is the
length of the shift register in bits, and n is the tap number.

I tried to make sense of a similar assertion when looking at error-
detecting and error-correcting codes back in 1970, and didn't get
anywhere at all. Mathematicians who study the algebra of finite fields
seem to do better.

Xilinx app note XAPP 052 lists the taps up to 168 bits, but maybe a
Galois LFSR might be better for hardware inplementation if speed is an
issue.


Best regards,
Spehro Pefhany
 
J

joseph2k

Jan 1, 1970
0
A psuedo-random binary sequence is just a string of binary numbers -
8,388,607 for the 23-it case.

How you generate it is irrelevant. You could read it out of memory if
necessary, though this uses up a lot more silicon than a 23-bit shift
register and an exclusive-OR gate.

Win Hill's "The Art of Electronics" includes a useful discussion of
the subject starting at section 9.32.
That was the low hanging fruit, how do you apply a 7 phase PLL to an rsds
transmitter? How does it interact with the prbs generator?
 
I

Iterativeend

Jan 1, 1970
0
Basically you use a 7 phase PLL to fetch data from 7 parallel ports.
But if the same method is used to get values from 7 random points on a
23 bit PRBS generator, we would end up with sequences repeating at
random and before the end of a single cycle of the prbs generator.

@Rich, Maxim has a list of tap points for 2-32 bit PRBS here,
http://www.maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm?appnote_number=1743&CMP=WP-9

Thanks
 
That was the low hanging fruit, how do you apply a 7 phase PLL to an rsds
transmitter? How does it interact with the prbs generator?

How the hell would I know? I don't know what an rsds transmitter is,
and I've no idea how it uses a 7-phase PLL.

This doesn't invalidate the useful point I made about generating
psuedo-random binary sequences - you don't have to use a tapped shift
register as the source of the bit sequence.
 
I

Iterativeend

Jan 1, 1970
0
Basically, you would use a serializer to fetch and serialize data from
7 parallel ports(using the 7 phases of the PLL) before the rsds or any
other diff. driver. But if a built in 23 bit PRBS generator is used to
check the quality of the serializer and driver, it would normally be
expected to travel the same path a data would. So that would mean that
somehow we have to serialize the 23 PRBS gen data such that only 7
bits are obtained per clock and yet maintain the 23 bit
characteristics like 8 million + sequences.

If i just serialize any 7 consecutive ports from the PRBS gen, its not
exactly a 23 bit generator. It can be achevied if i use 7 * 23 MUX,
but its not practical to use that many MUXes.

Thanks
 
T

Tom Bruhns

Jan 1, 1970
0
Basically, you would use a serializer to fetch and serialize data from
7 parallel ports(using the 7 phases of the PLL) before the rsds or any
other diff. driver. But if a built in 23 bit PRBS generator is used to
check the quality of the serializer and driver, it would normally be
expected to travel the same path a data would. So that would mean that
somehow we have to serialize the 23 PRBS gen data such that only 7
bits are obtained per clock and yet maintain the 23 bit
characteristics like 8 million + sequences.

If i just serialize any 7 consecutive ports from the PRBS gen, its not
exactly a 23 bit generator. It can be achevied if i use 7 * 23 MUX,
but its not practical to use that many MUXes.

Thanks

So...clock the LFSR seven times to get the seven bits you want.
What? You want to do it in ONE clock? Fine, no problem. If you
express what happens in the LFSR as a matrix equation, x(k+1)=A*x(k),
where the matrix multiplication is performed with modulo-2
arithmetic. So then x(k+7)=A^7*x(k). Figure out what A^7 is, and
implement what it implies. Depending on just what taps are fed back
in your desired sequence, it's likely going to be easier than you
think. With only the end and one other tap fed back, there are a lot
of zeros in the A matrix. You can even trick Matlab or Scilab into
doing the modulo-2 multiplication for you.

Cheers,
Tom
 
T

Tom Bruhns

Jan 1, 1970
0
Basically, you would use a serializer to fetch and serialize data from
7 parallel ports(using the 7 phases of the PLL) before the rsds or any
other diff. driver. But if a built in 23 bit PRBS generator is used to
check the quality of the serializer and driver, it would normally be
expected to travel the same path a data would. So that would mean that
somehow we have to serialize the 23 PRBS gen data such that only 7
bits are obtained per clock and yet maintain the 23 bit
characteristics like 8 million + sequences.

If i just serialize any 7 consecutive ports from the PRBS gen, its not
exactly a 23 bit generator. It can be achevied if i use 7 * 23 MUX,
but its not practical to use that many MUXes.

Thanks

Also...since 2^23-1 = 8388607 = 47 * 178481 which are both prime, then
taking 7 bits at a time won't repeat till you've clocked 7 bits out
2^23-1 times. That is, you'll go seven times around the cycle before
the bits appear in the same places again. Of course, you'll repeat 7-
bit words a whole lot of times, since there are only 128 unique 7 bit
words.

Cheers,
Tom
 
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