When I first started on sci.physics I thought the magnetic field was
real. 'The Feynman Lectures' and 'Introduction to Electrodynamics' were
recommended concerning this aspect of physics. It can all be explained*
with the relativistic motion of charge. What turns out to be a very
simple concept once you get the stuff into your head. From what I've
heard, why we don't call it 'electromagnetics' anymore.
Once I ditched my 'cult cargo', physics became so much more interesting
and mysterious.
*There is still the Aharonov-Bohm effect, which I have yet to understand
properly. But the 'B' field does not necessarily come into play other
than mathematically, FWIU.- Hide quoted text -
- Show quoted text -
The Aharonov-Bohm effect is easily explained in the context of
Weberian electrodynamics. The field outside of an ideal solenoid is
not nulled by superpostion of the fields of the current elements ds
around the loop. The law of Biot-Savart is simply incorrect. By
reducing the solenoid to current elements "ds", and then further
breaking these down into positive and negative components of charge
and then integrating over the components of charge in the elements,
the symmetry assumed by Maxwell simply isn't there. The positive
charges remain stationary while the negative charges are drifting
along the conductor. This motion of the electrons wrt an external
point charge in itself produces an "effective" increase in the Coulomb
charge of the drifting electrons. (see Purcell for essentially the
same model that Weber published, but disregard his equal and opposite
flow of positve charges, or in other words Maxwell's assumed
symmetry).
The increase in the effective charge of the drifting electrons is
velocity dependent, rising to maximum when the external charge is
moving counter to the flow that is occuring at the near side of the
coil. The electrons drifting along the opposite side of the coil do
not cancel this force because these electrons are also moving wrt the
point charge, thus they appear to have a greater Coulomb charge as
well. The coil appears to be net negative wrt an external charge,
regardless of the motion of the external charge, but the magnitude of
the effective increase in Coulomb charge is dependent upon the
direction of motion of the external charge and upon its speed, i.e. it
is a velocity dependent effect which gives rise to an illusion that a
magnetic field is acting outside of the solenoid when in fact the
field isn't a magnetic field. It is instead a velocity dependent E
field. The protons also extend a velocity dependent E field, but due
to the assymetry in the relative motions its contribution is less and
due to the geometry of the
relativistic force produced by this component of charge cancels out
leaving an apparent net negative charge of the solenoid as a whole.
By placing a solenoid between the two slits of a diffraction grating
the phase of the passing electron is shifted simply because the
rotational sense of the drifting electrons within the coil are not
symetric wrt the slits. The force will be greater on the electron as
it passes through the slit in which the drifting electrons closer to
it are moving counter to the motion of the electron passing through
the slit. The force on the passing electron will be less through the
other slit. The interference pattern is thus shifted to the right or
left depending upon orientation of the solenoid.