They're usually just referred to as jumper, hookup, or bus wire, typical solid copper core that's tin plated. Sometimes it's called wire wrapping wire or protoboard wire. You can buy kits in different pre-cut lengths but that's really expensive compared to just getting a roll of wire in the gauge you need (for current capacity required) and cutting and bending to the length you need.
As usual, you will end up paying a premium for a short length of wire compared to buying hundreds to thousands of feet at a time. I mean in wire gauges similar to what you pictured, then with lower gauges, less length, similar weight.
https://www.ebay.com/itm/22-AWG-Gau...uss-Wire-25-Length-0-0254-Silver/372103153169
For a one-off project, if I really wanted to avoid making a double sided board, I'd just grab some scrap ethernet cable and tin that, or magnet wire, bell wire, etc. in whatever gauge was needed.